3
A principal amount, when lent at simple interest, grows to Rs. 6,076 in 1 year and to Rs. 7,504 in 4 years. Determine the original principal sum and the annual simple interest rate.
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Solution: Step 1: Understand that simple interest grows linearly over time. The difference in the amount over a period is the simple interest earned during that period.
Amount after 4 years (A4) = Rs. 7,504.
Amount after 1 year (A1) = Rs. 6,076.
Step 2: Calculate the simple interest earned in the difference in years.
Time difference = 4 - 1 = 3 years.
Interest earned in 3 years = A4 - A1 = 7504 - 6076 = Rs. 1,428.
Step 3: Calculate the simple interest earned per year.
Simple Interest per year (SI_annual) = 1428 / 3 = Rs. 476.
Step 4: Determine the original principal sum (P).
Principal = Amount after 1 year - SI for 1 year.
P = 6076 - 476 = Rs. 5,600.
Step 5: Calculate the annual rate of interest (R) using the simple interest for 1 year, the principal, and time = 1 year.
Use the formula SI = (P × R × T) / 100.
476 = (5600 × R × 1) / 100.
476 = 56R.
R = 476 / 56.
R = 8.5%.
Step 6: The sum is Rs. 5,600 and the rate of interest is 8.5% per annum.
6
A sum is lent at 4% per annum for the initial 3 years, 8% per annum for the subsequent 4 years, and 12% per annum for any period beyond 7 years. If the total simple interest obtained over an 11-year period is Rs. 27,600, what is the original sum (in Rs.)?
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Solution: Step 1: Determine the time duration for each interest rate.
Period 1: 3 years at 4% p.a.
Period 2: 4 years at 8% p.a.
Period 3: Remaining years = 11 - 3 - 4 = 4 years at 12% p.a.
Step 2: Set up the equation for total simple interest (SI), where P is the principal.
Total SI = SI (Period 1) + SI (Period 2) + SI (Period 3)
27,600 = (P * 4 * 3) / 100 + (P * 8 * 4) / 100 + (P * 12 * 4) / 100
27,600 = 12P / 100 + 32P / 100 + 48P / 100.
Step 3: Combine terms and solve for P.
27,600 = (12P + 32P + 48P) / 100
27,600 = 92P / 100
P = (27,600 * 100) / 92
P = Rs. 30,000.
10
The amount received by Person A after investing Rs. 9,100 for three years at a simple interest rate of 10% p.a. is equal to the amount received by Person B, who invested a certain sum for five years at an 8% p.a. simple interest rate. What is 90% of the sum invested by B (in Rs.)?
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Solution: Step 1: Calculate the amount obtained by Person A.
Principal (P_A) = Rs. 9,100, Rate (R_A) = 10% p.a., Time (T_A) = 3 years.
Simple Interest (SI_A) = (9,100 * 10 * 3) / 100 = Rs. 2,730.
Amount (A_A) = P_A + SI_A = 9,100 + 2,730 = Rs. 11,830.
Step 2: Set up the expression for the amount obtained by Person B.
Let Principal (P_B) be the sum invested by B.
Rate (R_B) = 8% p.a., Time (T_B) = 5 years.
Amount (A_B) = P_B + (P_B * 8 * 5) / 100 = P_B + 0.40P_B = 1.40P_B.
Step 3: Equate the amounts and solve for P_B.
A_A = A_B
11,830 = 1.40P_B
P_B = 11,830 / 1.40 = Rs. 8,450.
Step 4: Calculate 90% of the sum invested by B.
90% of P_B = 0.90 * 8,450 = Rs. 7,605.
15
A person takes a loan of Rs. 1,00,000 from a bank at a 10% per annum simple interest rate, intending to repay it over five years. If the payments made at the end of the first, second, third, and fourth years are Rs. 10,000, Rs. 20,000, Rs. 30,000, and Rs. 40,000, respectively, how much money must be paid at the end of the fifth year to fully settle the debt?
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Solution: Step 1: Calculate the outstanding amount at the end of each year after adding interest and deducting the installment.
Initial Loan = Rs. 1,00,000. Rate = 10% p.a.
End of Year 1:
Interest for 1st year = 1,00,000 * (10/100) = Rs. 10,000.
Total amount due = 1,00,000 + 10,000 = Rs. 1,10,000.
Installment paid = Rs. 10,000.
Outstanding principal for Year 2 = 1,10,000 - 10,000 = Rs. 1,00,000.
End of Year 2:
Interest for 2nd year = 1,00,000 * (10/100) = Rs. 10,000.
Total amount due = 1,00,000 + 10,000 = Rs. 1,10,000.
Installment paid = Rs. 20,000.
Outstanding principal for Year 3 = 1,10,000 - 20,000 = Rs. 90,000.
End of Year 3:
Interest for 3rd year = 90,000 * (10/100) = Rs. 9,000.
Total amount due = 90,000 + 9,000 = Rs. 99,000.
Installment paid = Rs. 30,000.
Outstanding principal for Year 4 = 99,000 - 30,000 = Rs. 69,000.
End of Year 4:
Interest for 4th year = 69,000 * (10/100) = Rs. 6,900.
Total amount due = 69,000 + 6,900 = Rs. 75,900.
Installment paid = Rs. 40,000.
Outstanding principal for Year 5 = 75,900 - 40,000 = Rs. 35,900.
End of Year 5:
Interest for 5th year = 35,900 * (10/100) = Rs. 3,590.
Total amount due to clear debt = Outstanding principal for Year 5 + Interest for 5th year
Total amount due = 35,900 + 3,590 = Rs. 39,490.
Step 2: The amount to be paid at the end of the fifth year is Rs. 39,490.
17
A borrows a sum of Rs. 90,000 for 4 years at 5% simple interest. He then lends the identical sum to B at 7% simple interest for the same 4-year period. What is A's total gain (in Rs.) from this arrangement?
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Solution: Step 1: Calculate the simple interest A has to pay on the borrowed sum.
Principal (P) = Rs. 90,000, Rate (R_borrow) = 5% p.a., Time (T) = 4 years.
Interest Paid by A = (90,000 * 5 * 4) / 100 = Rs. 18,000.
Step 2: Calculate the simple interest A receives from lending the sum.
Principal (P) = Rs. 90,000, Rate (R_lend) = 7% p.a., Time (T) = 4 years.
Interest Received by A = (90,000 * 7 * 4) / 100 = Rs. 25,200.
Step 3: Calculate A's net gain from the transaction.
Gain = Interest Received - Interest Paid = 25,200 - 18,000 = Rs. 7,200.