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A gardener has a certain number of shrubs to plant in rows. When trying to plant 8, 12, or 16 shrubs per row, there are always 3 shrubs left. However, when planting 7 shrubs per row, there are none left. What is the total number of shrubs?
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Solution: Step 1: Find LCM of 8, 12, 16 = 48
Step 2: Check numbers of the form 48k + 3 for divisibility by 7
Step 3: For k = 1, 48 + 3 = 51 (not divisible by 7)
Step 4: For k = 2, 96 + 3 = 99 (not divisible by 7)
Step 5: For k = 3, 144 + 3 = 147 (divisible by 7)
Step 6: Required number of shrubs = 147