2
How many 5-digit odd numbers can be formed using the digits 1, 2, 3, 4, 5?
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Solution: Step 1: For a 5-digit number to be odd, the units digit must be odd.
Step 2: There are 3 odd digits available (1, 3, 5), so the units place can be filled in 3 ways.
Step 3: The first place can be filled with any of the remaining 4 digits (since one odd digit is already used), so there are 4 ways.
Step 4: The second place can be filled with any of the remaining 3 digits, so there are 3 ways.
Step 5: The third place can be filled with any of the remaining 2 digits, so there are 2 ways.
Step 6: The fourth place can be filled with the remaining 1 digit, so there is 1 way.
Step 7: Total number of 5-digit odd numbers = 3 * 4 * 3 * 2 * 1 = 72
11
From a group consisting of 6 men and 4 women, a team of 4 is to be formed such that at least one man is included. In how many ways can this team be formed?
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Solution: Step 1: Calculate the number of ways to select at least one man by considering the cases: (1 man and 3 women), (2 men and 2 women), (3 men and 1 woman), and (4 men).
Step 2: Use combination formulas for each case: C(6,1)*C(4,3) + C(6,2)*C(4,2) + C(6,3)*C(4,1) + C(6,4).
Step 3: Compute each term: C(6,1)*C(4,3) = 6*4 = 24, C(6,2)*C(4,2) = 15*6 = 90, C(6,3)*C(4,1) = 20*4 = 80, C(6,4) = 15.
Step 4: Sum the results: 24 + 90 + 80 + 15 = 209.
Step 5: The total number of ways to form the team is 209.