7
A principal amount, when compounded annually, grows to Rs. 11,880 after 4 years and to Rs. 17,820 after 6 years. Determine half of the original principal sum.
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Solution: Step 1: Use the given amounts at different times to find the growth factor.
Let P be the principal and (1 + R/100) be the annual growth factor 'k'.
Amount after 4 years (A4) = P * k^4 = Rs. 11,880 (Equation 1)
Amount after 6 years (A6) = P * k^6 = Rs. 17,820 (Equation 2)
Divide Equation 2 by Equation 1:
(P * k^6) / (P * k^4) = 17820 / 11880
k^2 = 1.5
So, k^2 = 3/2.
Step 2: Use the growth factor to find the principal (P).
From Equation 1: P * k^4 = 11880
We can write k^4 as (k^2)^2.
P * (3/2)^2 = 11880
P * (9/4) = 11880
P = (11880 * 4) / 9
P = 1320 * 4
P = Rs. 5,280.
Step 3: Calculate half of the principal sum.
Half of the sum = P / 2 = 5280 / 2 = Rs. 2,640.
11
A loan is to be repaid in two identical annual installments of Rs. 44,100 each. Given an annual compound interest rate of 5%, what is the total interest paid on this loan?
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Solution: Step 1: Understand the formula for present value of installments.
The present value (Principal) of an installment (I) paid after 'n' years at 'R' rate is P = I / (1 + R/100)^n.
Given: Each installment (I) = Rs. 44,100, Rate (R) = 5% p.a.
Step 2: Calculate the present value of the first installment.
P1 = 44100 / (1 + 5/100)^1 = 44100 / 1.05 = Rs. 42,000.
Step 3: Calculate the present value of the second installment.
P2 = 44100 / (1 + 5/100)^2 = 44100 / (1.05)^2 = 44100 / 1.1025 = Rs. 40,000.
Step 4: Calculate the total principal (sum borrowed).
Total Principal = P1 + P2 = 42000 + 40000 = Rs. 82,000.
Step 5: Calculate the total amount paid.
Total Amount Paid = 2 * I = 2 * 44100 = Rs. 88,200.
Step 6: Calculate the total interest paid.
Total Interest = Total Amount Paid - Total Principal
Total Interest = 88200 - 82000 = Rs. 6,200.
15
A principal sum of Rs. 10,500 grows to Rs. 13,650 over 2 years at a certain simple interest rate per annum. What will be the total amount if the same sum is invested for 1 year at the same rate, but with interest compounded half-yearly? (Round to the nearest rupee)
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Solution: Step 1: Calculate the simple interest rate (R).
Principal (P) = Rs. 10,500
Amount (A) = Rs. 13,650
Time (T) = 2 years
Simple Interest (SI) = A - P = 13650 - 10500 = Rs. 3,150.
Formula: SI = (P * R * T) / 100
3150 = (10500 * R * 2) / 100
3150 = 210 * R
R = 3150 / 210 = 15% per annum.
Step 2: Calculate the amount if the same sum is compounded half-yearly for 1 year at the rate found in Step 1.
Principal (P') = Rs. 10,500
Annual Rate (R) = 15% p.a.
Time (T') = 1 year
For half-yearly compounding:
Rate per period = R/2 = 15%/2 = 7.5%
Number of periods = T' * 2 = 1 * 2 = 2 periods
Formula for Amount (A_CI) = P' * (1 + (Rate per period)/100)^(Number of periods)
A_CI = 10500 * (1 + 7.5/100)^2
A_CI = 10500 * (1.075)^2
A_CI = 10500 * 1.155625
A_CI = 12134.0625
Step 3: Round the amount to the nearest rupee.
A_CI = Rs. 12,134.
17
A mobile phone costs Rs. 25,000. It can be purchased with a Rs. 5,000 down payment, followed by 3 equal annual installments at a 25% p.a. compound interest rate. What is the value of each installment, rounded to two decimal places?
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Solution: Step 1: Calculate the principal amount that needs to be financed through installments.
Total cost of mobile phone = Rs. 25,000.
Down payment = Rs. 5,000.
Amount to be financed (Principal P) = Total cost - Down payment = 25000 - 5000 = Rs. 20,000.
Step 2: Identify the interest rate and number of installments.
Annual compound interest rate (R) = 25%.
Number of equal annual installments (n) = 3.
Step 3: Set up the formula for equal annual installments.
Let 'x' be the amount of each installment. The present value (P) of the loan is the sum of the present values of all future installments.
P = x / (1 + R/100)^1 + x / (1 + R/100)^2 + x / (1 + R/100)^3
Step 4: Substitute values and solve for 'x'.
Since R = 25% = 1/4, then (1 + R/100) = (1 + 1/4) = 5/4.
20000 = x / (5/4) + x / (5/4)^2 + x / (5/4)^3
20000 = x * (4/5) + x * (16/25) + x * (64/125)
20000 = x * ( (4*25)/125 + (16*5)/125 + 64/125 )
20000 = x * (100/125 + 80/125 + 64/125)
20000 = x * ( (100 + 80 + 64) / 125 )
20000 = x * (244 / 125)
x = (20000 * 125) / 244
x = 2500000 / 244
x = 10245.9016...
Step 5: Round the value of each installment to two decimal places.
Each installment = Rs. 10,245.90.