1
Identify the letter group that fails to meet the criteria where the first two letters are consecutive, the last two letters are consecutive (possibly cyclically), and the third letter's position from Z mirrors the first letter's position from A.
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Solution: Step 1: Understand the three conditions that define the common pattern for 'other groups':
Condition 1: The first and second letters are consecutive in the alphabet (e.g., A, B).
Condition 2: The third and fourth letters are consecutive in the alphabet (allowing for a cyclical wrap-around from Z to A, e.g., Y, Z or Z, A).
Condition 3: The alphabetical position of the first letter from A (A=1) is the same as the alphabetical position of the third letter from Z (Z=1).
Step 2: Evaluate each option against these conditions.
Step 3: For BCYZ (B=2, C=3, Y=25, Z=26):
- Condition 1: B, C are consecutive (B+1=C). -> True.
- Condition 2: Y, Z are consecutive (Y+1=Z). -> True.
- Condition 3: B is the 2nd letter from A. Y is the 2nd letter from Z. -> True. This group fits the pattern.
Step 4: For EFVW (E=5, F=6, V=22, W=23):
- Condition 1: E, F are consecutive (E+1=F). -> True.
- Condition 2: V, W are consecutive (V+1=W). -> True.
- Condition 3: E is the 5th letter from A. V is the 5th letter from Z. -> True. This group fits the pattern.
Step 5: For HIUV (H=8, I=9, U=21, V=22):
- Condition 1: H, I are consecutive (H+1=I). -> True.
- Condition 2: U, V are consecutive (U+1=V). -> True.
- Condition 3: H is the 8th letter from A. U is the 6th letter from Z (U = Z - 5). -> False (8th != 6th). This group fails Condition 3.
Step 6: For JKQR (J=10, K=11, Q=17, R=18):
- Condition 1: J, K are consecutive (J+1=K). -> True.
- Condition 2: Q, R are consecutive (Q+1=R). -> True.
- Condition 3: J is the 10th letter from A. Q is the 10th letter from Z. -> True. This group fits the pattern.
Step 7: For ABZA (A=1, B=2, Z=26, A=1):
- Condition 1: A, B are consecutive (A+1=B). -> True.
- Condition 2: Z, A are consecutive (Z followed by A cyclically). -> True.
- Condition 3: A is the 1st letter from A. Z is the 1st letter from Z. -> True. This group fits the pattern (with cyclic interpretation).
Step 8: All groups except HIUV adhere to the specified pattern.
Step 9: Therefore, HIUV is the odd one out.
6
Which of these terms is different from the others: 'Decantation', 'Filtration', 'Centrifugation', 'Sublimation', 'Condensation'?
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Solution: Step 1: Consider the listed scientific terms: 'Decantation', 'Filtration', 'Centrifugation', 'Sublimation', 'Condensation'.
Step 2: Understand the primary purpose of each process. Decantation, Filtration, Centrifugation, and Sublimation are all methods used to separate components of mixtures.
Step 3: 'Condensation' is a phase transition, specifically the process of a gas changing into a liquid, and is not primarily a method for separating mixture components in the same sense.
Step 4: Conclude that 'Condensation' is the distinct term because it describes a phase change rather than a mixture separation technique.
8
Identify the letter sequence that does not follow the escalating step-forward rule of +1, +2, +3.
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Solution: Step 1: Assign numerical positions to each letter (A=1, B=2, ... Z=26).
Step 2: Analyze the pattern for each group, checking if the steps between consecutive letters are +1, +2, +3.
- For 'ABDG': A(1) -> B(2) (+1). B(2) -> D(4) (+2). D(4) -> G(7) (+3). Matches.
- For 'IJLO': I(9) -> J(10) (+1). J(10) -> L(12) (+2). L(12) -> O(15) (+3). Matches.
- For 'MNPS': M(13) -> N(14) (+1). N(14) -> P(16) (+2). P(16) -> S(19) (+3). Matches.
- For 'RSUY': R(18) -> S(19) (+1). S(19) -> U(21) (+2). U(21) -> Y(25) (+4). The third step is +4, not +3. Does NOT match.
- For 'PQSV': P(16) -> Q(17) (+1). Q(17) -> S(19) (+2). S(19) -> V(22) (+3). Matches.
Step 3: All groups except 'RSUY' follow the progressive step-forward pattern of +1, +2, +3.
Step 4: Therefore, 'RSUY' is the odd one out.
11
Identify the word among 'Shale', 'Slate', 'Marble', 'Gneiss', and 'Quartzite' that is distinct from the others.
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Solution: Step 1: Consider the given terms: 'Shale', 'Slate', 'Marble', 'Gneiss', 'Quartzite'.
Step 2: Recognize that 'Slate', 'Marble', 'Gneiss', and 'Quartzite' are all types of metamorphic rocks.
Step 3: 'Shale' is a type of sedimentary rock.
Step 4: Hence, 'Shale' is the word that is different from the rest.
20
Identify the item from the given list that is unlike the others.
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Solution: Step 1: Examine the food items: Cabbage, Papaya, Gourd, Cucumber, Brinjal.
Step 2: In common culinary terms, Cabbage, Gourd, Cucumber, and Brinjal (eggplant) are typically considered vegetables.
Step 3: 'Papaya' is distinctly a fruit.
Step 4: Thus, 'Papaya' is the odd one out as it is a fruit, while the rest are generally categorized as vegetables.